Measles Disease Overview
Measles is a highly contagious and serious airborne disease caused by a virus from the paramyxovirus family. It mainly affects children but can infect anyone lacking immunity. The virus first attacks the respiratory system and then spreads to other parts of the body, often causing complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and, in severe cases, death.
Transmission and Spread
The disease spreads through direct contact with nasal or throat discharges from infected persons, such as through coughing or sneezing. It can also spread via inhaling contaminated air, as the virus remains active and infectious in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours. This makes measles highly transmissible, especially in crowded places.
Symptoms and Vulnerable Groups
Initial signs include high fever, which appears about 10-14 days after infection, along with a runny nose, persistent cough, red watery eyes, and white spots inside the cheeks. Later, a rash develops, starting on the face and spreading downward. Children who are unvaccinated, pregnant women, and young children are at higher risk of severe complications.
Key Facts for Exam Preparation
- Measles is caused by a virus from the paramyxovirus family.
- It spreads through airborne droplets and contaminated surfaces.
- The virus can stay infectious in the air for up to two hours.
- The Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine provides long-term immunity.
Prevention and Management
There is no specific treatment for measles. Management mainly involves supportive care like hydration and treating complications. Prevention through vaccination is most effective. The Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine is safe and offers long-lasting protection against the disease.
